The Top Ten Engineering Achievements of 2025 were announced at the World Federation of Engineering Organizations General Assembly in Shanghai on October 13. The achievements were selected by Engineering, a journal of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Launched in 2021, the annual selection of engineering achievements showcases the most influential recent engineering innovations — projects and technologies that have been completed, validated in practice, and have generated global impact.

The 2025 list features 10 milestones spanning aerospace exploration, deep-sea technology, environmental governance, AI, and biomedicine, illustrating how engineering continues to drive human progress and shape the future.

The 10 accomplishments are: the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), Blackwell GPU architecture，DeepSeek open-source large language model, full-ocean-depth crewed submersible, high-performance carbon fiber composites, humanoid robots, Mars Perseverance rover, Euclid space telescope, the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and the encircling barrier project in the Taklamakan Desert.

They represent the highest levels of technological advancement and original innovation. For instance, the ADC marks a breakthrough in precision cancer therapy, transforming oncology from generalized treatment to targeted medicine. NVIDIA's Blackwell GPU architecture, with its record 208 billion transistors and hybrid-precision design, sets a new benchmark for AI computation, enabling trillion-parameter model training and reshaping the foundation of next-generation AI infrastructure.

Second, they exemplify systemic innovation through multidisciplinary integration. NASA's Perseverance rover achieved autonomous navigation and sample collection on Mars, opening a new era of extraterrestrial exploration. Humanoid robots — integrating AI, mechanical engineering and motion control — are evolving into general-purpose intelligent machines capable of transforming manufacturing, healthcare and daily life.

Third, the listed projects highlight the emergence of new quality productive forces and industries. High-performance carbon fiber composites are revolutionizing materials science with their strength, lightweight properties, and design flexibility, driving innovation in aerospace and new energy sectors. China's DeepSeek open-source large language model has accelerated global access to advanced AI capabilities, promoting intelligent transformation across industries.

Finally, they demonstrate how engineering addresses global challenges. The middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project and encircling barrier project in the Taklamakan are monumental examples of sustainable engineering, securing water resources, restoring ecosystems, and combating desertification — offering replicable solutions for global environmental governance.